Instructions for building gnu make as a native windows application. Several of the builtin expansion functions relate specifically to taking apart file names or lists of file names. Nios ii software build tools, nios ii software developers. The documentation for make specifies that you need a number of jobs as part of this parameter, but if you set none, make uses all cores. Make is a tool which controls the generation of executables and other nonsource files of a program from the programs source files. But when i put the make command nothing happens, and i get the message.
If you havent heard of it before i recommend you read the gnu make manual. When users talk about the operating system linux, what they are referring to is the gnu operating system with the kernel linux added. Remember that you need to care for this only for system calls. We will artificially divide the makefile in four parts. The clean and distclean targets provided in this makefile delete those directories recursively. In gnu make macros, to might want to perform this substitution on any variable that is a filename.
How to code a makefile is a matter of taste, and of software complexity. Nios ii software developers handbook january 2014 altera corporation this chapter assumes you are familiar with the following topics. An extract of patsubst function from gnu make github. However, this support does not include the wildcard expansion, where backslash is a quote character. The problem is that \ is both the standard quote character under unix, and the path separator under windows. You use a function in a function call, where you give the name of the function and some text the arguments for the function to operate on. Makefiles are a simple way to organize code compilation. Those three simple things can be frustratingly hard in gnu make. Mingwusers question about vpath that seems not to work. If its important to distinguish between native windows systems with and without some uname. I have found using the cygwin version of gnu make together with native win32 programs quite troublesome. Gnu make meets file names with spaces in them cmcrossroads.
Debugging makefiles managing projects with gnu make. If you want to do wildcard expansion in such places, you need to use the wildcard function, like this. I want to compile one file at a time and then ive to create 1. Nov 22, 2006 i have found using the cygwin version of gnu make together with native win32 programs quite troublesome. It is capable of automatically running many complex commands which are needed to compile programs. Generic makefiles with gcc and gnu make late developer. Generic makefiles with gcc and gnu make part 2 late. Here, im going to give a brief introduction to the gnu make utility. Now here is an example of a naive way of using wildcard expansion, that does not do what you would intend. You use a function in a function call, where you give the name of the function and some. In these paths gnu make on windows actually tries to be smart and will split on colons unless it looks like a drive letter one letter followed by a colon. In linux, a makefile is a text file that describes which files are required to build a particular program as well as how to compile and link the files to build the program. Therefore, you must use unixstyle slashes in these cases.
Gnu make searches files for a file named one of gnumakefile, makefile, and then makefile, and runs the specified targets from that file. Mingw minimalist gnu for windows a native windows port of the gnu compiler collection gcc brought to you by. This makefile compiles a program called santacruzserver into the local bin folder, and installs it into the standard shared os x and linux usrlocalbin folder. If you are using the gnu operating system in some form, then many of the programs you are familiar with on the command line are gnu programs. Sometimes you find yourself needing to insert a special character in a makefile. Alternative makefile this makefile uses gcc to include dependecies for the source files in the makefile, and allows you to specify which objects you want to use for every target. This tutorial is based on the topics covered in the gnu make book. When makefiles is defined, gnu make considers its value as a list of names of additional makefiles to be read before the others, as though they were implicitly included. Presumably text contains references to that variable, so its expansion will be different each time.
Input for make create a file called makefile that contains a series of properly formatted commands that make will take as input. The first two arguments, var and list, are expanded before anything else is done. Here is a realistic example of the use of subst and patsubst. This tutorial does not even scratch the surface of what is possible using make, but is intended as a starters guide so that you can quickly and easily create your own makefiles for small to mediumsized projects. Gnu make simply does not handle files with spaces or colons for that matter in their names well at all. The result of the functions processing is substituted into the makefile at the point of the call, just as. The things built are often executable programs, but they dont have to be. All patches under the same license as sources of gnu make.
Suppose that a makefile uses the vpath variable to specify a list of directories that make should search for prerequisite files see section vpath search path for all prerequisites. On windows system that native builds of gnu make use. Gnu make has totally ignored the doublequotes and split the list of file names on spaces. Make gets its knowledge of how to build your program from a file called the makefile, which lists each of the. The makefile language is similar to declarative programming, in which necessary end conditions are described but the order in which actions are to be taken is not important. This example shows how to tell the c compiler to search for header files in the same list of directories. When one phony target is a dependency of another, it serves as a subroutine of the other. The file can be huge and complex, but when its done and is working, you just have to type in make and the utility uses your makefile to do everything. Gnu make in detail for beginners open source for you. Special search method for library dependencies written in the form lname. This post was written when i was struggling with this kind of stuff, and should be taken as a proof of concept post.
The argument of the function is regarded as a series of file names, separated by whitespace. Make is a program for building things from separate components. In this article i look at expanding this makefile to work with multiple directories. This post will explore the basics of gnu make via two small examples. Suppose you would like to say that the executable file foo is made from all the object files in the directory, and you write this. Gnu make depend only on file existence and not modification time. Unfortunately, gnu make s other functions that deal with spaceseparated list do not. Suppose that a makefile uses the vpath variable to specify a list of directories that make should search for prerequisite files see vpath search path for all prerequisites. The target makefile will require gnu make and a gnu or similar shell because thats all i need. When make runs on these systems, it supports backslashes as well as the unixstyle forward slashes in pathnames. Looking at some targets of my makefile i saw that there were some duplication. This tutorial teaches mainly through examples in order to help quickly explain the concepts in the book.
However, make also works if you do not specify any target on the command line, saving you a little typing. Its a surprisingly versatile build tool, if a bit archaic, and as its so ubiquitous its worth getting at least baseline familiar with how it does its thing. For me, this is definitely over, as i almost completely quit using windows, being for several years now a happy gnulinux user. It isnt terribly difficult to expand this to be more portable by leveraging gnu makes portability for the task. Introduction this article looks at the dependency generation feature of the gcc compiler and its use with gnu make to create generic makefiles which do not require maintenance as a project grows. Generic makefiles with gcc and gnu make part 2 late developer. Instead of using relative path, you can use absolute path by using the realpath or abspath functions. Occasionally, however, you have a situation where you want to impose a specific ordering on the rules to be invoked without forcing the target to be updated if one of those rules is executed. Gnu make is a tool which is primarily used to build programs from source code. Functions allow you to do text processing in the makefile to compute the files to operate on or the commands to use. This article will document the development of a reusable template based makefile for developing java projects.
Whatever the platform, gnu make, gcc or other regular development tools handle very well paths with forward slashes, whatever the platform. You may also choose to code for the posix make utility which is a standard specification, but less powerful than gnu make, which can be configured to follow the posix spec. The make command accepts a target parameter one of those defined in the makefile, so the generic command line syntax is make. If its true, then the file naming limitations of make should be prominently and exhaustively detailed in the docs. You are strongly advised to also read the excellent documentation for gnu make. This tutorial does not even scratch the surface of what is possible using make, but is intended as a starters guide so that you can quickly and easily create your own makefiles for small to. For each directory on the vpathvpath list, gnu make searches in dirlib. Debugging makefiles debugging makefiles is somewhat of a black art. For basic usage just set bin to the desired output binary name and srcs to your input source files source files can be placed in subdirectories and reusing a filename somewhere in the source. Unfortunately, there is no such thing as a makefile debugger to examine how a particular rule is selection from managing projects with gnu make, 3rd edition book.